An Automated Framework Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging Feature Masking and Support Vector Machine for Schizophrenia Classification.

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Abstract

Automated classification of schizophrenia can improve the quality of life for people with schizophrenia and reduce social costs. At present, however, the usual standards for diagnosing mental illnesses are still based on the subjective assessment of psychiatrists and lack objective quantitative biomarkers for early detection. Neuroimaging-based machine learning has achieved some success, but the existing models have not addressed the high dimensionality of small-sample magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies. These data characteristics are prone to sub-optimal automatic feature extraction and weak out-of-sample generalization. Based on the above problems, an automated classification pipeline that combines MRI feature engineering with a support vector machine (SVM) classifier to accurately differentiate patients with schizophrenia is introduced. First, to address inter-subject anatomical differences, comprehensive brain preprocessing and spatial alignment were performed. Then, intensity-based statistical features were derived from the preprocessed volumes, reduced in the input space via background masking to remove non-brain tissues, and subsequently aggregated into atlas-based regional features. A refined feature matrix is then fed into an SVM to construct the optimal separating hyperplane for final classification. This study adopted an 80:20 train-test split strategy, with five-fold cross-validation performed exclusively on the training set for model selection and hyperparameter tuning, followed by final performance evaluation on the held-out test set. Using the public COBRE dataset, the final SVM model achieved an accuracy of 96.7% on the held-out test set. This framework is expected to evolve into an objective, data-driven auxiliary diagnostic tool for schizophrenia and to provide timely treatment decision support in clinical practice.

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