Neuroinflammation and Brain Network Remodeling in Alzheimer's Disease: Integrating DTI, fMRI, TSPO-PET, and Fluid Biomarkers.
Authors
Affiliations (1)
Affiliations (1)
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine. No. 24, Heping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
Abstract
In Alzheimer's disease (AD), how neuroinflammation triggers white-matter injury and remodels functional networks remains a core unresolved question. This narrative review surveys research progress, technical approaches, and outstanding challenges of multimodal neuroimagingincluding diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), functional MRI (fMRI), translocator protein PET (TSPOPET), and fluid biomarkers-in elucidating neuroinflammation in AD. Five themes are discussed: molecular and fluid biomarkers of neuroinflammation; DTI-characterized signatures of white matter damage; fMRI-demonstrated functional network reorganization; alterations in structure-function coupling; and machine learning-enhanced multimodal data fusion strategies. Future multicenter longitudinal studies with standardized acquisition and analysis protocols are needed to dissect the causal chain of "inflammation → microstructural injury → network collapse → cognitive decline" and to establish an integrated imaging-biology framework for early screening and longitudinal monitoring of AD.