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Multi-modal ensemble learning prediction of anti-TNF treatment response in pediatric patients with Crohn's disease using clinical, radiomic, and deep learning MR enterography features.

August 7, 2026pubmed logopapers

Authors

Li H,Lu Z,Denson N,Pan W,Smith J,Murphy R,Miraldi ER,Miethke AG,Dhaliwal J,Denson LA,He L,Dillman JR

Affiliations (11)

  • Imaging Research Center, Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.
  • Artificial Intelligence Imaging Research Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.
  • Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States.
  • Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.
  • Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.
  • Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.
  • Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States.
  • James M. Anderson Center for Health Systems Excellence, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.
  • Department of Computer Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States.
  • Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States.
  • Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States.

Abstract

Anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) medical therapy is a major advancement for Crohn's disease (CD) management, yet many patients fail to respond. This study aims to develop and evaluate a multi-modal ensemble model to predict anti-TNF treatment response in pediatric patients with CD using pre-treatment magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) and non-imaging clinical data. This retrospective study included 92 pediatric CD patients (median [IQR] age, 14.6 [12.7, 16.6] years; 65.2% male; 37 responders and 55 non-responders) who underwent MRE within 3 months before initiating anti-TNF therapy between 2009 and 2021. Responders achieved mucosal healing within 36 months; non-responders did not, underwent surgery, or changed therapy. Four pre-treatment feature sets were used: (1) radiologist MRE assessment, (2) radiomic features from bowel regions, (3) deep learning features from representative bowel images, and (4) non-imaging clinical features. A 2-stage stacking ensemble model was trained and evaluated. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) was the primary performance metric. The multi-modal ensemble model integrating all MRE-based features achieved an AUROC of 0.771 [95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.745, 0.797], outperforming models using individual feature types (radiologist assessment: 0.706 [0.691, 0.721]; radiomic: 0.710 [0.691, 0.729]; deep learning: 0.724 [0.700, 0.749]). Combining MRE and clinical features (0.739 [0.696, 0.781]) achieved the highest AUROC of 0.817 [0.793, 0.842], though not significantly (P = .10). Radiomic features reflecting intensity distribution and texture heterogeneity were most predictive of treatment response. A multi-modal ensemble model combining MRE-based radiologist assessment, radiomic, deep learning, and clinical features accurately predicted anti-TNF treatment response in pediatric CD patients.

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