The added value of echocardiography in pulmonary arterial hypertension risk assessment an artificial intelligence machine learning-derived analysis of the ULTRA RIGHT VALUE registry.
Authors
Affiliations (15)
Affiliations (15)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany.
- Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Cardiopulmonary Institute (CPI), Giessen, Germany.
- Multidisciplinary Pulmonary Hypertension Unit, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.
- Divisione di Cardiologia, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, Pavia, Italy.
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Disease, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
- Department of Cardiology, Monaldi Hospital, Napoli, Italy.
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Viale del Policlinico 155, Rome 00161, Italy.
- First Cardiology Department, AHEPA Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
- National Pulmonary Hypertension Service, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College NHS Trust, London, UK.
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases, St. John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland.
- Pulmonary Circulation Centre, Department of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.
- Department of Computer Science, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
- Cardiothoracovascular Department, ASUGI and University Hospital of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
- Unità di Medicina Interna, Ospedale S. Pertini, Rome, Italy.
- Department of Pathophysiology, Free University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium.
Abstract
The right ventricle (RV) is a major determinant of outcome in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), but its assessment has not been completely incorporated in the risk of mortality scores. We therefore evaluated the added value of echocardiography of the RV to risk scores in a large multicentre European prospective cohort of patients with prevalent PAH enrolled in the ULTRAsound RIGHt venTricular eVALUation in PAH (ULTRA RIGHT VALUE) study. A total of 401 patients with prevalent PAH enrolled between January 2022 and December 2023 underwent an echocardiography and a risk assessment by Registry to Evaluate Early and Long-Term PAH Disease Management (REVEAL) 2.0 and European Society of Cardiology (ESC)/European Respiratory Society (ERS) scoring systems. For both the ESC/ERS and REVEAL scores a one-unit decrease in any morphological parameter increased up to 69% and 92%, respectively, the odds for achieving/maintaining a low-risk status. Similarly, a one-unit increase in any RV functional parameter increased up to 1.28 and 1.78, respectively, the odds for achieving/maintaining a low-risk status. For this purpose, echocardiographic assessments of RV-PA coupling were the most performant. The inclusion of echocardiographic variables into the ESC/ERS and REVEAL 2.0 scores improved the c-index for morbi-mortality prediction from 0.73 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.69-0.76] to 0.78 (95% CI 0.75-0.81; P < 0.01) and from 0.74 (95% CI 0.67-0.83) to 0.79 (95% CI 0.76-0.82; P < 0.01), respectively, with machine learning techniques showing indexes of RV-PA coupling having the highest influence on the c-index. Incorporation of echocardiographic parameters improves risk scores in PAH.