Review of Pulmonary Embolism Imaging Modalities: Computed Tomography, MRI, and Ventilation/Perfusion Scintigraphy.
Authors
Affiliations (3)
Affiliations (3)
- Department of Radiology, UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
- Department of Radiology, UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. Electronic address: [email protected].
Abstract
Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a potentially life-threatening condition resulting from the obstruction of pulmonary arteries by embolic material, often thrombi from deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremities. This condition remains a significant public health concern, with delayed or missed diagnoses contributing to adverse health outcomes. This article aims to highlight the current standards in PE imaging, including the benefits and limitations of each modality as well as their latest advancements. The integration of advanced imaging techniques, artificial intelligence-driven image analysis, and improved perfusion assessment will continue to refine diagnostic algorithms, optimize risk stratification, and ultimately enhance patient outcomes.